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    • 专利摘要:
    A method of constructing an artificial aquatic system for the ecological prevention and treatment of algal bloom, comprising the steps of: (i) selecting a shoreline of the body of water required for the prevention and treatment of algal blooms as a project area, (ii) within the project area, a zone (1) below the normal level is 5 to 15 m from the shore (4) into the water, the depth being up to 30 cm and the zone (1) below the normal level being planted with emergent plants; (iii) that at least one buffer dam (2) is built in the construction project area; (iv) that a zone (3) of the underwater plants, which extends from the boundary of the zone (1) below the normal level to the interior of the water to the inside of the buffer dam (2), is topographically transformed so that the water depth does not exceed 2 m , and is planted with underwater plants.
    公开号:AT15789U2
    申请号:TGM63/2016U
    申请日:2016-03-24
    公开日:2018-04-15
    发明作者:Cui Lijuan；Zhao Xinsheng；Li Wei；Zhang Manyin；Lei Yinru
    申请人:Research Institute Of Forestry New Tech Chinese Academy Of Forestry；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    ARTIFICIAL WATER SYSTEM AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF ARTIFICIAL WATER SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ALGAE FLOWER
    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological construction project, in particular an artificial water system for the ecological prevention and treatment of algal bloom.
    STATE OF THE ART
    [0002] Eutrophication and algal bloom phenomena have been common in wetland waters for the past 10 years. The eutrophication of wetland wetland waters, the reduction of biodiversity and the susceptibility of the biological chain are always frequent and difficult topics of discussion in the wetland area. With the development of human society and the improvement of the standard of living, the consumption of water for domestic use and the industrial and agricultural water consumption are drastically increased, the eutrophication of the wetland waters deteriorates and the algae blooming phenomenon frequently occurs, e.g. The blue-green algae bloom of Taihu Lake in 2007 and the blue-green algae bloom of Lake Chaohu in 2010 have had a negative impact on local production and life, severely affecting regional water security. Although various measures have been taken to control the eutrophication of wetland waters and reduce the frequency of algal blooms, the expected effects could not be achieved by source control (such as land source pollution control and dredging of sediments, etc.) to reduce nutrient loading, nor by various algae removal measures measures or measures were only effective in the short term, and in some measures due to the use of improper physical or chemical methods, the collapse of the wetland's sensitive ecological system was intensified.
    The domestic and foreign algal blooms prevention and processing techniques and methods can generally be subdivided into physical, biological and chemical processes. The physical process has high costs and is not economical and can not thoroughly exclude algae's stimulating effect on nutrients. For example, For example, a ventilation and oxygen development plant has a high energy consumption and high cost and is only relatively effective for a closed water. The diversion of water from a mixing of layers of mined material is effective only in a body of water whose depth is more than twice the water depth of the translucent zone; in the situation of a lack of water, flushing with a large amount of water is not desirable. An algae collection system is limited by the driving force and the range of motion. In the chemical process, the reproduction of algae in the water is controlled by screening or synthetic chemicals, adding one or more synthetic chemical products with safe performance in a safer and more reliable dose, so that the target of algae destruction can be achieved quickly is an inhibition function for the growth of algae in a given period realized. However, the chemical process can cause chemical residues so that secondary pollution can be generated during water quality improvement, which damages the water environment. In the biological process, algal blooms are controlled from an ecological point of view through nutritional competition. The biological process emphasizes that algae are controlled by the management of the entire ecosystem and the nutritional aspect, and currently mainly uses methods such as microbiological prevention, treatment and suppression by algae-eating creatures and aquatic plants. The advantage of the biological process is that the process is easily applicable. However, the existing biological and ecological methods are difficult to suppress the occurrence of algal bloom.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    It is therefore an object of the invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to propose an artificial water system and method of construction of the artificial water system for the ecological prevention and treatment of algae bloom, which manages without chemical additives or expensive measures and is able to suppress the algal bloom, or to collect algae.
    PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
    In view of the needs and shortcomings of the field, the present invention provides an algal bloom ecological control system based on microlandage transformation, an ecological method of controlling algal bloom, and an application. The ecological control system of the algal bloom and the ecological method according to the present invention can effectively suppress the occurrence of the algal bloom as well as collect the algal bloom generated large amount of harmful algae, while preventing the spread of the harmful algae to the near shore to the negative ones Impact on the water quality of the Nahufer, the environment on the island and the natural landscape eliminate.
    The present invention uses the following technical solution: A construction method of an artificial water system for the ecological prevention and treatment of algal bloom, comprising the following steps: (i) a shoreline of the waters requiring prevention and treatment of the algal bloom (ii) that within the construction project area, a zone below the normal level is built, including an extension of 5 to 15 meters from the shore to the water, the water depth being up to 30 cm, and the zone for planting the emergent plants; (Iii) that at least one buffer dam is built in the construction project area; (Iv) that a topographical transformation for the zone extending from the boundary of the
    Zone below the normal level to the interior of the water to the inside of the buffer dam is carried out, so that the depth of water does not exceed 2 m to plant underwater plants.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the emergent plants reed and Zizania Caduciflora include.
    In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the underwater plants comprise Potamogeton Crispus, Ceratophyllum and Myriophyllum.
    Particularly preferably, the construction method comprises carrying out a riparian slope stabilization project for the slope area on the shore and the zone below the normal level, wherein for the bank area slope stabilization project a wooden pile slope protection and / or a stone slope protection, a slope protection with ecologically acceptable sacks and / or a slope protection with ecologically compatible bricks is used; wherein the wooden pile slope protection means that the wooden piles are struck in rows perpendicular to the water level firmly in a relatively steep slope; where the stone slope protection means that the stones are laid on the lower layer of the slope near the shore; and where the slope protection with ecologically compatible sacks means that the ecological sacks filled with filling substrates are stacked in the bank slope direction.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the construction method according to the invention it is provided that the construction in step (i) and the topographical transformation in step (iii) comprise the establishment of a nutrient medium for planting plants, and wherein the establishment of a nutrient medium layered backfilling comprising a plant pit filling and / or a plant grout filling; the layered backfilling means that an open area of barren soil is layered with soil that meets the growth needs of wetland plants; the filling of the plant pit means that in the area of the establishment of the nutrient medium the plant pits are dug up in order to decompose lean soil; and where the plant grove filling means that in the riparian ground with barren soil, the planting grooves are dug up to decay the lean soil.
    Wherein in other embodiments of the construction method according to the invention a water system reshaping; that is, a construction of a river system in regions described in step (i) and step (iii), wherein the construction of a river system includes a development of small water areas, a combination of small water areas, local deep excavations, and regional stagnant waters; the development of a small area of water means that the bank of the small water surface is dug to widen the wetting area of the water surface; wherein connection of the small water surfaces means that the adjacent small water surfaces are interconnected; and where local deep digging means that local deep excavations are made in relatively shallow waters; and where regional standing waters mean that small areas of stagnant water are being built and built in the downstream area.
    An artificial water system according to the invention for the ecological prevention and treatment of algae bloom comprises a construction project area which is constructed in the selected shoreline of the body of water requiring prevention and treatment of the algal bloom, the construction project area comprising: a built zone below the normal level with a water depth of up to to 30 cm, the zone below the normal level being 5 to 15 m from the shore to the water, and the zone being used to plant the emergent plants; at least one buffer dam built in the construction project area; an underwater plant zone extending from the boundary of the zone below the normal level to the interior of the water to the inside of the buffer dam, the depth of which does not exceed 2 m, and where the zone is used for planting underwater plants.
    Preferably, for the zone below the normal level level and for the zone extending from the boundary of the zone below the normal level level to the interior of the water to the inside of the buffer dam, a culture medium for planting plants provided, the culture medium a layered backfilling, a plant pit filling and / or a Pflanzrillenverfüllung includes; the layered backfilling means that an open area of barren soil is layered with soil that meets the growth needs of wetland plants; wherein the plant pit filling means that in the area of the establishment of the nutrient medium planting pits are excavated in order to fill the lean soil; and wherein the plant grout filling means that in the riparian ground with barren soil, the planting grooves are dug up to fill the lean soil.
    Particularly preferred for the zone below the normal level and for the zone extending from the boundary of the zone below the normal level to the interior of the water to the inside of the buffer dam, carried out a water system redesign project, namely a river system created, the river system includes a development of a small water area, a combination of small water areas, local deep excavations and regional stagnant waters; the development of a small area of water means that the banks of the small water surface have been dug to widen the wetting zone of the water surface; wherein connection of the small water surfaces means that the adjacent small water surfaces are interconnected; local deep digging means that local deep excavations have been made in relatively shallow waters; and where the regional standing waters mean that there are small areas of stagnant water in the downstream area.
    Furthermore, it is preferred that the construction project area includes a corresponding bank area, wherein a slope stabilization project has been carried out for the shore area, wherein for the slope stabilization project a wooden pile slope protection and / or a stone slope protection, a slope protection with ecologically compatible bags and / or a slope protection with ecologically compatible bricks is provided; where the wooden pile slope protection means that the wooden piles are struck firmly in a relatively steep slope in rows perpendicular to the water level; where the stone slope protection means that the stones are laid on the lower layer of the slope near the shore; and where slope stabilization with ecologically compatible sacks means that the ecologically compatible sacks filled with filling substrates are stacked in layers along the bank.
    In all embodiments, the construction method of the artificial water system for the ecological prevention and treatment of algal bloom according to the present invention comprises the following common characteristic steps which are not in any particular order: (i) a shoreline of prevention and treatment of the algae bloom [0023] (ii) in the construction project area, a zone below the normal level is selected with a
    Water depth of up to 30 cm is built, the zone below the normal level means an extension range of 5 to 15 m from the shore to the water, and wherein the zone is used for planting the emergent plants; and wherein the zone can clean the pollutants introduced by the flow of rainwater on the shore, while a beautifying function for the environment can be realized.
    (Iii) building at least one buffer dam in the construction project area; (Iv) a topographical remodeling for the zone extending from the boundary of the
    Zone below the normal level to the interior of the water body to the inside of the buffer dam is carried out, so that the water depth does not exceed 2 m, in which zone the underwater plants are planted.
    The construction method according to the present invention utilizes the topographical remodeling, the ecological slope stabilization of the wetland, the optimized allocation of the wetland plants, the restoration of the biological chain and the hydraulic connection and other techniques, thereby the concrete construction project comprises the design of the shore, the Construction of a river system and the reintroduction of animals and plants et cetera. By means of the movement function of the water flow, a large amount of the harmful algae produced after the algal bloom is collected, thereby a harmless treatment is carried out by means of artificial measures; The project can also capture the harmful algae so that they can not spread to the near shore, negatively affecting the water quality of the Nahufer, the air environment on the island and the
    To eliminate natural landscape.
    With the method, the sediments of a river are first excavated and stacked by means of an excavator to form a plurality of buffer dams, then various aquatic plants are planted in the various buffer dams; extending from the junction between the shore and the water to the interior of the water at a distance of 5 to 15 m, a zone below the normal level with a water depth of up to 30 cm is built in which the emergent plants are planted; from the boundary of the zone of the emergent plants to the zones in the buffer dams, a zone with a water depth below 2 m is built in which the underwater plants are planted.
    By means of the movement function of the water flow, the present invention collects a large amount of the harmful algae generated after the algal bloom, while a harmless treatment is carried out via artificial measures; The present invention can also absorb harmful algae so that they can not spread to the near shore to eliminate the adverse effects on the water quality of the Nahufer, the air environment on the island and the natural landscape. The method according to the invention uses the following techniques: A water system transformation, for instance in the sense of a river system (hydrological connection technique): the hydrological connection technique is mainly used for a degeneration wetland whose hydrological connection is destroyed. The hydrological interconnection technique involves adapting, through technical measures, the shape, size and layout of a body of water to stabilize the surface of the water body, optimize the distribution pattern of water resources in wetland conservation zones, providing a good horizontal connection and to reestablish vertical communication between the bodies of water (namely, connecting respective bodies of water), to improve the ecological environment of the wetland, to ensure a habitual entrance and exit of the nutrients of the wetland ecosystem and to adjust the water content conditions of the biocenosis of the wetland. The hydrological connection technique consists of four main steps: a development of a small water surface, a connection of the small water surfaces, local deep excavations and regional standing waters.
    The technique of removing a small area of water: by digging on the banks of a small area of water, the wetting area of the water surface is increased to expand the diving area.
    The technique of connecting the small water surfaces: via the connection of the adjacent small water surfaces, a step-shaped system is built to enhance the natural infiltration between the water bodies, to establish the hydrological connection in the horizontal direction and to improve the stability of the water body.
    The technique of local deep excavations: by means of local deep excavations in a relatively shallow area of the water body, the hydrological connection with the immersion layer in the vertical direction is intensified in order to increase the local water content of the wetland.
    The technique of regional stagnant water: in the downstream area of the zone, areas of stagnant water are built to control the loss of water, to increase the water body area of the zone and to improve the stability of the amount of water.
    The technique of topographical remodeling: the technique of topographical remodeling is used mainly for the topographical remodeling of a degeneration wetland to provide a suitable environment for wetland critters. Technical measures will moderate the terrain too steeply or too high, making local terrain suitable (suitable for birds and other living beings), constructing islands with ecological environments, regulating forms of small bodies of water and improving and creating living environments for wetland vegetation and waterfowl To improve diversity and stability of the ecological environment of the wetland. The topographical transformation consists mainly of: construction of a wetland with a flat beach, rules of a small water surface and construction of an island with an ecological environment.
    The technique of constructing a shallow wetland wetland: by partially flattening a hilly open course near the water surface, overground terrain is reduced to provide a suitable open environment for the growth of wetland vegetation and the life of waterfowl ,
    The technique of controlling a small water surface: by controlling the shape of the small water surface, the stability of the wetland is improved.
    The technique of constructing an island with an ecological environment: in terms of the living environment needs of different waterfowl, an island suitable for the life of waterfowl is built on an open water surface at a certain distance from the shore.
    The technique of the establishment of the nutrient medium: the technique is to provide an excellent living environment for the reintroduction of wetland plants and the restoration of the biological chain, namely, the established nutrient medium can promote the growth and reproduction of the living organisms, thereby The technique mainly concerns the repair of degeneration wetlands formed by infertile soils or where there is a lack of lean soil. Technical measures are being undertaken to backfill the nutrient-depleted soil to increase the wetland substrate's ability to store moisture and nutrients, improve the nutrient pathways of the wetland ecosystem, provide breeding grounds for good breeding grounds, good nutritional conditions to create the vegetation and a habitat for birds and other animals. The establishment of the nutrient medium comprises mainly: a layered backfill of the loamy soil, a plant pit filling of the loamy soil and a plant grout filling of the loamy soil.
    The technique of stratified backfilling: an open zone of barren soil is layered with the soils that meet the growth needs of wetland vegetation to supplement the substrate of the wetland.
    The technology of planting pit filling: in the restoration area, the planting pits are excavated with various sizes for backfilling the lean soil.
    The technique of Pflanzrillenverfüllung: in the bank area with barren soil, the planting grooves are dug to fill the lean soil.
    As shown in Figure 3, the technique of growing wetland vegetation is primarily an optimized allotment of wetland plants and use for the degenerate wetland with lower vegetation coverage or no vegetation cover. By developing suitable wetland plants, an optimized biocenosis structure of wetland vegetation will be built and the development of the biocenosis of wetland plants will be suitably regulated to provide a suitable environment for the life of wetland animals and to restore the degenerated biological chain of the wetland. The technique of cultivating the wetland vegetation mainly includes: restoration of the vegetation of the small water surface, restoration of the vegetation of the large water surface, restoration of the beach vegetation above the normal level, restoration of the vegetation below the normal level, restoration of the riparian vegetation, restoration of the vegetation of the buffer zone and Restoration of the vegetation of the slope protection shore area.
    The restoration technique of the vegetation of the small water surface: it is mainly about the natural recovery.
    The restoration technique of the vegetation of the large water surface: it is mainly the sowing of the propagules of the dipping and floating plants, such. Myriophyllum, Potamogeton, Nymphoides etc.
    The restoration technique of the beach vegetation above the normal level: it is mainly about the cultivation of the seedlings of lower marsh plants.
    The restoration technique of the vegetation below the normal level: it is mainly about the cultivation of seedlings or propagules of the higher emergent plants.
    The restoration technique of riparian vegetation: it is mainly about the cultivation of the propagules or seedlings of the wet shrubs.
    The restoration technique of the vegetation of the buffer zone: it is mainly about the cultivation of higher trees and shrubs.
    The restoration technique of the vegetation of the slope protection shoreline: it is mainly about the cultivation of shrubs with more developed roots.
    The slope stabilization technique of the wetland shoreline: the technique is mainly used for the routes that are susceptible to water flow and collapse. On the allocation of natural stones, wooden piles (partially living wooden piles), ecologically compatible bricks and other natural fixing materials and the cultivation of aquatic plants with more developed roots to which earth adheres, on a side adjacent to the water, the resistance of the shoreline against erosion by the Water flow and against collapse improved to ensure the stability of the slope bank and the rapid regeneration of the vegetation. The slope stabilization technology of the bank area mainly comprises: a wooden pile slope protection, a stone slope protection, a slope protection with ecologically compatible sacks and a slope protection with ecologically compatible concrete bricks.
    The wooden pile-slope stabilization technique is shown in Figures 1 and 2: in the wood-pile slope protection pasture piles are struck in rows perpendicular to the water level firmly into a relatively steep slope. The wooden pile slope protection can be both single-row wooden piles and double-row wooden piles. Part of the piles or trees may be alive so that a green fence is formed to enhance the slope stabilization effect. The slope is flat with soil covered with perennial grasses and small shrubs with well developed roots.
    The stone slope stabilization technique is shown in Figure 4: in the stone slope stabilization technique is moved as the lower layer of approaching the water body of the slope to be stabilized with gravel, then two layers of stones from 30 to 50 cm laid, with The function of the gravity of the stones, the earth is attached to prevent the erosion caused by the flow of water. The slope is covered flat with soil, further Amorpha, sea buckthorn, salix and other slope hedges are grown to attach the slope.
    The slope stabilization technique with ecologically acceptable sacks is shown in Figure 5: the technique is mainly used for the riparian terrain, which is susceptible to erosion caused by the water flow, thereby stacking the filled with the filling substrate ecologically acceptable sacks in the shore slope direction and the ecological sacks are connected by means of locking closures. The ecologically compatible bags can be filled with sand, clay soil and other substrates, further the ecological bags can be provided with cross-shaped openings of various sizes, so that the seeds of wetland plants or the propagating seedlings of wetland plants can be sown.
    The slope stabilization technique with ecologically sound concrete bricks: the technique is mainly used for the riparian zones, which are susceptible to erosion and collapse caused by the water waves, by stacking the ecologically sound bricks, the shore area is attached by the action of gravity to a caused by the water flow to prevent further erosion. Furthermore, wetland plants with well-developed roots can be selected to speed up the ecological environments of the wetland and to improve the landscape impact of the wetland.
    The present invention further claims protection for an artificial water system constructed by the above construction method, the layout of which has the following features: the system comprises a construction project area built in the selected shore waters of a body of water needed for the prevention and treatment of algal blooms in the construction project area, a zone below the normal level with a water depth of up to 30 cm is built, and the zone below the normal level comprises an extension area of 5 to 15 m from the shore to the water, and the zone is for planting the emergent plants; and wherein at least one buffer dam is built in the construction project area; and wherein the water depth of the zone extending from the boundary of the zone of the emergent plants to the interior of the water body to the inside of the buffer dam does not exceed 2 m, and the zone serves for planting the underwater plants.
    An ecological control system of the algal bloom based on the reshaping of the micro-landscape in accordance with the present utility model has the following advantages: By means of the movement function of the water flow, the present invention can collect a large amount of the harmful algae produced after the algal bloom; harmless treatment carried out by artificial means; The project can also capture the harmful algae so that they can not spread to the near shore, thus avoiding the negative impact on the water quality of the Nahufer, the air environment on the island and the natural landscape.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a slope stabilizer with single-row wood piles 6.
    Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a slope protection with double row
    Wooden posts 6.
    FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a vegetation slope protection.
    Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a gravel and Steinhangsicherung.
    FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a slope protection with ecologically compatible sacks.
    Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of the zoning of an artificial What sersystems for the ecological prevention and treatment of algae bloom according to the present invention, wherein a zone 1 below the normal level, a buffer dam 2, a zone 3 of the underwater plants and a bank 4 outlined are.
    Figure 7 shows a layout of the Taihu Lake construction project area using an artificial water system for ecological prevention and treatment of algae bloom according to the present invention.
    In this case, in zone 1, the zones of unit © and unit © are below the normal level, in these zones the main plant biocoenosis is artificially grown reed and zizania caduciflora and other emergent plants, comprising a zone that is from the junction between the shore and the
    Water body extends at a distance of 5 to 15 m to the interior of the water body, the water depth is up to 30 cm.
    The zone 3 of the underwater plants comprises the zones of the unit (3) and the unit @ and extends from the boundary of the zone of the emergent plants to the inside of the buffer dam 2, the north-south width is about 150 m, in The zone has a large amount of Potamogeton Crispus, Ceratophyllum and Myriophyllum. The zone can purify the impurities in the body of water while realizing a function of collecting algae in the peripheral body of water.
    The zones of the unit © and unit © are located on a side which is located on the outside of the buffer dam 2 and has a greater distance from the shore 4.
    The unit © is the periphery of the construction project area and constitutes a comparison zone of the construction project.
    FIG. 8 is a SD change-rate graph of the water body after treatment in the first embodiment; where the horizontal coordinate stands for 48 detection times from January 2010 to December 2013, and where the ordinate stands for SD ("solid density") of the water body.
    FIG. 9 is a pH change chart of the water body after treatment in the first embodiment; where the horizontal coordinate stands for 48 detection times from January 2010 to December 2013, and where the ordinate stands for pH of the water body.
    Fig. 10 is a TN (Total Nitrogen) change-rate graph of the water body after the treatment in the first embodiment; where the horizontal coordinate is for 48 detection times from January 2010 to December 2013, and where the ordinate represents the TN content of the water body.
    Fig. 11 is a TP change trend chart of the water body after the treatment in the first embodiment; where the horizontal coordinate stands for 48 detection times from January 2010 to December 2013, and where the ordinate represents the TP (total phosphorus) content of the water body.
    Fig. 12 shows a CODMn (Chemical Oxygen Demand - Permanganate Index) change-rate graph of the water body after the treatment in the first embodiment; where the horizontal coordinate represents 48 detection times from January 2010 to December 2013, and the ordinate represents the CODMn content of the water body.
    FIG. 13 shows a Chla change trend chart of the water body after the treatment in the first embodiment; where the horizontal coordinate stands for 48 detection times from January 2010 to December 2013, and where the ordinate stands for the Chla content (chlorophyll - a) of the water body.
    FIG. 14 shows a variation diagram of the algae removal amount of the cyan
    Algae during the outbreak period in 2013 of the water body after the treatment in the first embodiment.
    DETAILED EMBODIMENTS
    The following embodiments are provided so that the present invention may be better understood, and further, no limitation on the content and scope of the present utility model is thereby provided. All products which are the same as or similar to the present invention and are obtained by any person under the inspiration of the present invention or by the combination of the present invention and other features of the prior art are intended to be within the scope of the present invention be considered covered.
    Unless specifically specified, the technical methods used in the embodiments are conventional methods familiar to those skilled in the art. Unless specifically specified, the materials used in the present invention are commercially available or made by conventional experimental procedures; Unless specifically specified, the experimental procedures used in the embodiments are conventional experimental procedures familiar to those skilled in the art.
    Embodiment 1: The construction of the artificial water system formed by using the method of the present invention for the ecological prevention and treatment of the algae bloom of Taihu Lake water body was started on November 20, 2009.
    The design of the control construction project essentially comprises: the complex control system of the algal bloom, which includes the topographical remodeling, the ecological slope stabilization of the wetland, the optimized allocation of wetland plants, the restoration of the biological chain, the connection of the water systems and other techniques , the concrete construction project includes the design of the bank, the water system transformation; namely a construction of a river system and the reintroduction of animals and plants. The construction project is divided into 6 steps. By means of the movement function of the water flow, a large amount of the harmful algae produced after the algal bloom is collected, thereby a harmless treatment is carried out by means of artificial measures; The project can also capture the harmful algae so that they can not spread to the shores of Sanshan Island to eradicate the negative effects on the water quality of the Nahufer, the air environment on the island and the natural landscape.
    By means of an excavator sediments of the Taihu Lake are first excavated and stacked to form a plurality of buffer dams 2, then various aquatic plants are planted in the various buffer dams 2. In this case the construction project area comprises the formed unit © and unit (2) (FIG. 7), which form a zone below the normal level 1, in the zone the main plant biocenosis is artificially grown reed and Zizania caduciflora and other emergent plants Zone extends from the junction between the bank area of the buffer embankment and the water body with a distance of 5 to 15 m to the inside of the water body, whereby the water depth at this point is approximately up to 30 cm. The zone can clean the pollutants brought by the flow of rainwater on the shore, while a beautifying function for the environment can be realized.
    The zone 3 of the underwater plants comprises the formed unit © and unit (4) (Figure 7), which form a zone with large water surface, namely a zone extending from the boundary of the zone of the emergent plants to a point in the Center of the water body with a water depth under 2 m extends, in the zone grow a large amount of Potamogeton Crispus, Ceratophyllum, Myriophyllum and other underwater plants. The zone can purify the impurities in the body of water while realizing a function of collecting algae in the peripheral body of water.
    Wetlands or hygrophils are grown on the buffer dams 2, the zone being a beach where the normal level is exposed.
    The unit © and the unit © (Figure 7) are located on the outside of the buffer dam 2 and have a greater distance to the lake shore, they are not disturbed by the construction project Taihu Lake waters and also a zone with large water surface, there are less underwater plants, at some points approaching the buffer embankment there is a small amount of nymphoides and other foliage plants. The zone can also clear the impurities in the body of water, at the same time the algae of the peripheral water body can collect in unit © and unit (6). The unit ® is the periphery of the
    Construction project area and forms a comparison zone of the construction project.
    In the construction project of the unit ©, @, ® and @ an establishment of a nutrient medium and a water system transformation, ie a construction of a river system are concerned, wherein the establishment of the nutrient medium comprises a layered backfilling, a plant pit filling and / or a plant grout filling; and wherein the layered backfilling means that an open zone of barren soil is layered with the soils that meet the growth needs of the wetland plants; and wherein the plant pit filling means that in the area of the establishment of the nutrient medium, the planting pits are dug up in order to decompose the lean soil; and where the plant grout filling means that in the riparian ground with barren earth, planting grooves are dug up to fill the lean soil. That is state of the art.
    The construction of the river system comprises a development of a small water surface, a connection of the small water surfaces, local deep excavations and regional stagnant waters, whereby the development of a small water surface means that on the bank of the small water surface is dug to the wetting zone of the Expand water surface; and wherein connection of the small water surfaces means that the adjacent small water surfaces are interconnected; and where local deep trenching means that local deep trenching is done for a relatively shallow water area; and where regional standing waters mean that small areas of stagnant water are being built downstream. That is state of the art.
    Test of prevention and treatment effect From January 2010 to December 2013, a total of 21 sampling points were arranged in 6 treatment units and comparison zones, at the same time a monthly monitoring of the water quality of the water body is performed, at each station, the water sample of The concrete data is as follows: [0089] Change rules of transparency (SD): As shown in Fig. 8, the transparency (SD) of the water body of the unit © from January 2010 to December 2013 has changed with the seasons a range of change of 0.57-1.24 mg / L, on the whole the transparency has a rising trend. From January 2012 to December 2013, the water body's transparency is significantly higher from June to October than in other months; the unit © and the comparison zone also have the same rule, but the change rule of the unit © is not clear, in the respective months the transparency of the water body shows essentially no change, a comparative analysis shows that after January 2010 the transparency of the body of water © significantly higher than that of the other units and the comparison zone (p <0.01).
    As shown in Fig. 9, the pH of the unit © has a range of change of 6.90 to 8.10, with the passage of time, the pH increases. The pH values of the respective units in April to October 2012 are significantly higher than those in other months. The pH values of the unit © are clearly different from other units (p <0.01), but the unit ©, the unit © and the comparison zone have no clear difference (p> 0.05). The monitoring indicates that, as the seasons change, water temperature changes constantly as algal blooms within the dam are well controlled, the ecosystem in which the underwater plants are a major part has higher productivity, increasing the fixed amount of carbon dioxide , which causes the pH of the water body to be higher compared to the exterior of the dam.
    Nutrient Modification Rules: As shown in Figures 10 and 11, prior to performing an ecological restoration, the TN concentration of the water body inside and outside the dam belongs to the limit of the above-ground water quality standard of Class V; during the
    Performing the construction project, the total nitrogen concentration in the body of water within the dam decreases from an initial 1.50 mg / L to 0.55 mg / L, with the total nitrogen content in the control body water body having no major change from 0.78 mg / L to 1 , 62 mg / L increased. As of January 2009, the total nitrogen content within the dam is significantly lower than that outside the dam (p <0.01); From December 2013, the total nitrogen concentration in the water body of the unit © will decrease by 68.0% compared to that outside the dam. During the growing process of underwater plants, the total phosphorus concentration in the body of water within the construction project area also has a falling trend. Initially, the total phosphorus concentration of the water body within the dam and the body of water outside the dam are respectively 0.06 and 0.05 mg / L, which respectively belong to the above-ground water quality standard of Class II. A comparative analysis shows that in January to September 2013, the total phosphorus concentration of the water body within the dam is significantly lower than that outside the dam (p <0.01). As of December 2013, the total outside phosphorus phosphorus concentration is 0.04 mg / L, with the total phosphorus concentration within the dam being 0.02 mg / L, and with the total phosphorus content decreasing by 50.0%.
    COD modification rules: As shown in Figure 12, the CODMn concentrations in the body of water inside the dam and outside the dam at the beginning of dam construction are respectively 12.6 and 12.7 mg / L, they are on an equal level. Due to the addition of artificially grown large cladocers and the self-cleaning function of the underwater plants in the water body, the CODMn content within the dam from March to September 2013 is significantly lower than that in the water body in the comparison zone (p <0.01), in particular the content in the unit © significantly lower than that in the comparison zone. In December 2013, the CODMn content in the body of water outside the dam is no different from that in the initial phase (p> 0.05) and is 4.8 mg / L, while the CODMn content of the body of water within the dam is 4, 4 mg / L and decreased by 70.9% compared to the same period.
    Chla Change and Algae Treatment Amount: As shown in Figure 13, the Chla content of the unit © has a peak from June to September in 2009 and 2010, from 2011 there is no significant change. Compared to the unit @, unit © and comparison zone, the Chla content of the unit © has a clear difference (p <0.01), while the Chla contents of the unit @, unit © and comparison zone also have a clear difference (p < 0.01).
    As shown in Figure 14, an algae weight (wet weight) of 0.2 to 0.31 can be treated daily from April to June; From July to September, an algae weight (wet weight) of about 1t daily can be treated; In October, an algae weight (wet weight) of about 0.5 t can be treated daily; the increase in the amount of treatment from July to September sufficiently indicates that a serious algal blooming phenomenon is occurring during these months.
    Above, the preferred detailed embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work may make various modifications and changes as a result of the concept of the present invention. Because of this, the technical solutions that can be obtained by the person skilled in the art from the concept of the present invention based on the prior art on logical analysis, reasoning or a limited number of experiments as by the claims of the present Utility model defined scope of protection are covered.
    REFERENCE LIST 1 Zone below normal level 2 Buffer dam 3 Zone of underwater plants 4 Shore 5 Vegetation 6 Wood pile 7 Gravel 8 ecologically compatible sacks
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    claims
    A method of constructing an artificial aquatic system for the ecological prevention and treatment of algal bloom, comprising the steps of: (i) selecting a shoreline of the water body required for the prevention and treatment of algal blooms as a project project area, (ii) within the construction project area, a zone below the Normal level (1) 5 to 15 m from the shore (4) into the water body, the water depth being up to 30 cm and planting the zone below the normal level (1) with emergent plants; (iii) that at least one buffer dam (2) is built in the construction project area; (iv) that a zone of the underwater plants (3) that extends from the boundary of the zone below the normal level (1) to the interior of the water to the inside of the buffer dam (2) is topographically transformed so that the water depth does not exceed 2 m , and is planted with underwater plants.
    [2]
    2. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergent plants reed and Zizania Caduciflora are planted.
    [3]
    3. Construction method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the underwater plants Potamogeton Crispus, Ceratophyllum and Myriophyllum are planted.
    [4]
    4. A construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction method comprises performing a riparian slope stabilization project for the slope area on the bank (4) and the zone below the normal level (1), and wherein for the riparian slope stabilization project a wooden pile slope protection and / or a stone slope protection, a slope protection with ecologically compatible sacks (8) and / or a slope protection with ecologically compatible bricks is carried out; wherein the wooden pile slope protection means that the wooden posts (6) in rows perpendicular to the water level are struck firmly into a relatively steep slope; where the stone slope protection means that the stones are laid on the lower layer of the slope near the shore (4); and wherein the slope protection with ecologically compatible sacks (8) means that the filled with filling substrates ecologically acceptable bags (8) are stacked in the shore slope direction.
    [5]
    5. A construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction in step (i) and the topographical transformation in step (iii) comprise establishing a nutrient medium for planting the plants, and wherein the establishment of the nutrient medium comprises a layered filling, a plant pit filling and / or comprises a plant grout filling; layered backfilling means that non-fertile soil-free zones are layered with soils that meet the growth needs of wetland plants; where plant pit filling means that, in the area of the establishment of the nutrient medium, plant pits are dug up in order to fill up the lean soil; and wherein planting fill means that in the riparian grounds of barren soil, planting grooves are dug up to fill in lean soil.
    [6]
    6. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that a construction of a hydrological connection for the zone built in step (i) below the normal level (1) and the zone of bottom plants (3) in step (iv) is performed, the construction a hydrological connection comprises the development of a smaller to a larger water surface, a combination of smaller water surfaces to a larger, local deep excavations and regional stagnant water; the development of a smaller to a larger area of water means that the bank of the smaller water surface is dug to widen the wetting zone of the water surface; connecting the smaller areas of water to a larger one means that adjacent smaller areas of water are connected together; the local deep trench means that a local deep trench is made for a relatively shallow water zone; and where the regional stagnation of the water means that downstream waters are being built.
    [7]
    An artificial water system for ecological prevention and treatment of algal bloom, comprising a construction project area constructed in the selected shoreline of the body of water for the prevention and treatment of algal blooms, the construction project area comprising: a built zone below the normal level (1) with an extension of 5 to 15 m from the shore (4) into the water and with a water depth of up to 30 cm, the zone being used for planting of emergent plants; at least one buffer dam (2) built in the construction project area; a zone of underwater plants (3) extending from the boundary of the zone below the normal level (1) to the interior of the water to the inside of the buffer dam (2), the depth of which does not exceed 2 m, and the zone of underwater plants ( 3) for planting bottom aquatic plants.
    [8]
    8. Artificial water system according to claim 7, characterized in that for the zone below the normal level (1) and for the zone of bottom plants (3) extending from the boundary of the zone below the normal level (1) to the interior of the water to the Inner side of the buffer dam (2) extends, a culture medium is provided for planting the plants; wherein a non-fertile soil-free zone is layered with soils that meet the growth needs of the wetland plants; and / or wherein in the area of the establishment of the nutrient medium excavated pits are filled with lean soil; and / or in the shoreline with barren soil planting grooves are present, which are filled with lean soil.
    [9]
    9. Artificial water system according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the zone below the normal level (1) and the zone of the underwater plants (3) extending from the boundary of the zone below the normal level (1) to the interior of the water extends to the inside of the buffer dam (2), comprising: a water surface made by excavating the bank (4) of a previously smaller water surface; smaller water surfaces connected to a larger surface of water; deep excavations in zones with relatively shallow waters; Stagnant water in the downstream area.
    [10]
    10. Artificial water system according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the system comprises a, the construction project area corresponding bank area, with a wooden pile slope protection, in which wooden posts (6) are struck row by row perpendicular to the water level firmly into a steep slope; and / or with a stone slope protection, in which the stones are laid on the lower layer of the slope near the shore (4); and / or with a slope protection with ecologically compatible bags (8), in which the filled with filling substrates ecologically acceptable bags (8) are stacked in the coastal slope direction.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT15789U3|2018-11-15|
    CN104787891A|2015-07-22|
    HK1212668A1|2016-06-17|
    TW201710580A|2017-03-16|
    TWI593855B|2017-08-01|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN201510130624.XA|CN104787891A|2015-03-24|2015-03-24|Algal blooming ecological control system based on micro-terrain reconstruction, ecological method for controlling algal blooming and application|
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